digestive system

peristalsis: contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles, from the esophagus to the large intestine, moving food through the digestive system

alimentary canal oral cavity: mouth, teeth, tongue / mechanical and chemical digestion.
pharynx: throat / connects oral cavity to esophagus
esophagus: muscular tube which uses peristalisis to send food -> stomach
stomach: stores food, releases acid and enzymes
small intestine: (in mammals; the duodenum, jejnum, and ileum.) breaks down food through digestive juices & enzymes, sends leftover food waaste to large intestine
large intestine: reabsorbs water, gut microbiome, and forms feces
anus:
biliary tract bile ducts:
gallbladder: stores bile
liver: regulates chemical levels in blood (by-products->bile), converts excess glucose->glycogen for storage, can be coonverted back to glucose
pancreas: endocrine (1%, regulating blood sugar levels by secreting the hormone insulin) and exocrine (99%) gland (secretes pancreatic juice->duodenum; contains bicarbonate-neutralizes acid entering from stomach- and digestive enzymes-breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in food)
accessory organs salivary glands: exocrine gland, produces saliva

circulatory system transports blood, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
cells red blood cells: erythrocytes / hemoglobin : protein, carries oxygen from lungs -> body
blood cells: leukocytes
platelets: thrombocytes / produced in bone marrow / form blood clots / fragments, lacking a nucleus
tissues veins: carry blood from body -> lungs / deoxygenated
arteries: carry blood from lungs -> body / oxygenated
capillaries: connect venules small veins and arterioles:small arteries

respiratory system inhale oxygen -> down pharynx -> past larynx -> trachea-> left/right bronchial tubes -> bronchioles -> alveoli
carbon dioxide from blood -> lungs -> breath out
thoratic cavity (thorax): space that contains lungs & other chest organs
"naso-" or "rhino-" = nose
lungs brings oxygen into the blood & removes carbon dioxide from body; spongey, connective tissue
right lung: three lobes; superior, middle, and inferior; shorter and wider than left
left lung: two lobes, superior (houses heart in cardiac notch) and inferior,
alveoli:
upper respiratory tract nose: entrance to respiratory system,gives sense of smell, filters and warms air / bone, cartilage, and fatty tissue.
   cilia: tiny hairlike structures, move debris up->out nostrils
   nasal cavity: two hollow spaces where air flows in/out, lined w/mucus membranes
mouth: breathing, talking
sinuses: hollow space in cheeks and forehead, produces mucus
larynx: breathing, vocal box trachea<-larynx->pharynx
    supraglottis:
    glottis: vocal cords
    subglottis:
pharynx: throat, helps in breathing and digesting food, sends food->esophagus(->stomach)
vocal folds:
lower respiratory tract trachea: windpipe
bronchi:
   bronchioles: airways which get smaller and smaller, branching off